Transseptal Left Heart Catheterization and Left Atrial Angiocardiography in the Diagnosis of Cor Triatrium

The necessity for postoperative inhaled nitric oxide (NO) therapy and predictive factors for that need were retrospectively analysed in 457 paediatric patients at risk of pulmonary hypertensive events following open-heart surgery for congenital heart disease. Inhaled NO was given postoperatively to 46% of the study group and to 23% of all patients undergoing open-heart surgery during the study period. Factors associated with increased need for postoperative NO were age <1 year, Down's syndrome, preoperative pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Using a multivariate model based on these factors, 73% of the patients who were given NO were identified. Thus, in a setting with unrestricted access to NO therapy, almost half of the patients with cardiac lesions that commonly give rise to postoperative pulmonary hypertension were given postoperative NO. Seventy-three percent of postoperative NO treatment was associated with a relatively small number of pre- and perioperative patient-related risk factors.     

慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、肺心病患者血浆内皮素1、一氧化氮与血气变化的研究

目的：探讨慢性支气管炎（慢支）、慢性阻塞性肺气肿（肺气肿）、慢性肺源性心脏病（肺心病）患者不同时期血浆内皮素1（ET-1）、一氧化氮（NO）及动脉血气的变化，为临床观察病情、评估预后、探讨新的治疗手段提供依据。方法：慢支、肺气肿、肺心病患者均空腹抽静脉血检测血浆ET-1、NO；另抽取动脉血检测血气。三组间对比，并与正常组对照。结果：肺气肿、肺心病患者血浆内皮素增高，血气指标异常．且由慢支发展到肺气肿、肺心病时血浆内皮素逐渐增高、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）渐降低，二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）渐增高，NO逐渐降低。结论：慢支发展为肺气肿、肺心病时，血浆ET1、PaCO2逐渐增高；N0、pH、PaO2逐渐降低。     

电视胸腔镜手术在纵隔肿瘤切除中的应用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术在纵隔肿瘤切除中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性比较我院2007年11月～2011年8月20例电视胸腔镜手术（video—assistedthoracoscopicsurgery,VATS）和20例标准开胸手术（标准开胸组）行纵隔肿瘤切除的开胸时间、开胸出血量、实际手术时间、关胸时间、总手术时间、术后引流量、带管时间、术后住院时间、术后肩关节活动障碍、术后肺部并发症以及术后随访。结果VATS组1例胸腔粘连较重,行胸腔镜辅助小切口手术（video—assistedminithoracomoty,VAMT）。与开胸组相比,VATS组开胸时间短[（12．1±2．0）rainVS．（18．1±2．4）rain,t=-8．589,P=0．000],关胸时间短[（11．4±1．7）min vs．（21．4±2．7）min,t=-14．017,P=0．000],开胸出血量少[（13．2±4．3）mlVS．（25．2±11．4）ml,t=-4．405,P=0．000],术后引流量少[（355．6±110．8）ml VS．（655．6±135．8）ml,t=-7．655,P=0．000],带管时间短[（3．2±0．5）dVS．（4．5±1．1）d,t=-4．812,P=0．000]。2组术后肩关节功能障碍发生率无统计学差异[5％（1／20）VS．25％（5／20）,P=0．182]。40例随访8～12个月,均无肿瘤复发。结论VATS对大多数纵隔良性肿瘤,特别是大部分囊性病变及后纵隔神经源性肿瘤的切除较开胸手术具有明显优势。     

Accidental mediastinal entry via left internal jugular vein cannylation

Two cases are reported in which mediastinal penetration by a pulmonary artery catheter and a temporary venous pacemaker wire occurred following cannulation of the left internal jugular vein and placement of an indwelling venous introducer sheath. The anatomy of the left internal jugular vein and possible mechanisms of accidental mediastinal penetration with this approach are discussed. Extreme caution must be exercised when using the left internal jugular venous access route and an indwelling venous introducer sheath.     

Radiological evidence of subcutaneous emphysema leading to a diagnosis of retroperitoneal perforated diverticulum

INTRODUCTIONThis case report outlines the investigation and management of a young patient presenting with left iliac fossa pain and sepsis. A CT was performed which was initially reported as not showing a perforation, however closer analysis provided evidence of subcutaneous emphysema in the anterior abdominal wall. This evidence justified urgent operative intervention. We review the evidence with regard to this presentation.PRESENTATION OF CASEA previously fit 24-year-old male presented with left iliac fossa pain and features of sepsis. A CT provided subtle but distinctive evidence of retroperitoneal perforation secondary to diverticulitis, in the form of surgical emphysema in the anterior abdominal wall. In view of this, urgent operation was considered justified on suspicion of visceral perforation. A diverticular perforation was confirmed intra-operatively, and a sigmoid colectomy with primary anastomosis was performed, together with a covering ileostomy. The patient made a good post-operative recovery.DISCUSSIONDiverticular disease and its complications are becoming more common in a younger age group, in whom perforation may present late or may not be suspected. In this context special attention must be paid to any radiological evidence of perforation.CONCLUSIONSurgical emphysema in the abdominal wall is an indicator of retroperitoneal perforation, and its presence should be excluded before the possibility of perforation is dismissed. This may be of especial value in younger age groups amongst whom perforation may be less clinically obvious.     

B型超声对纵隔肿瘤诊断价值的探讨

目的 探讨B超诊断纵隔肿瘤的特征和鉴别诊断的价值。方法 对22例纵隔肿瘤患者通过观察肿块的形态、内部结构和物理性质，同时对照手术、病理结果确定B超诊断。结果 超声提示的诊断与手术、病理结果相符。结论 B超对纵隔肿瘤性质的诊断有一定的帮助，对确定手术方式和选择纵隔穿刺点有一定的价值。     

建立结核感染T淋巴细胞斑点试验阳性的纵隔淋巴结结核与Ⅰ/Ⅱ期结节病诊断模型初探

目的 建立结核感染T淋巴细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)检测为阳性而痰涂片为阴性的纵隔淋巴结结核与Ⅰ/Ⅱ期结节病患者的诊断模型,以提高临床对两种疾病鉴别诊断的敏感度和特异度。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年12月上海市肺科医院收治的T-SPOT.TB检查阳性,且未接受过抗结核药品及糖皮质激素治疗的经胸部CT检查和活检组织病理学检查确诊的100例纵隔淋巴结结核患者(纵隔淋巴结结核组)和50例结节病患者(结节病组;Ⅰ期结节病8例,Ⅱ期结节病42例)的临床实验室检查指标,建立两种疾病鉴别诊断的logistic回归模型,通过ROC曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度和特异度等指标评价模型的诊断效能。结果 对选取的纵隔淋巴结结核患者与Ⅰ/Ⅱ期结节病患者临床检查指标的多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,血清血管紧张素转化酶(SACE)、血红细胞沉降率(ESR)和淋巴细胞计数(Lym)是纵隔淋巴结结核与Ⅰ/Ⅱ期结节病鉴别的相关独立因素[Wald χ²=5.826, P=0.016,OR(95%CI)=0.968(0.942~0.994); Wald χ²=5.583, P=0.018,OR(95%CI)=1.036(1.006~1.068);Wald χ²=4.074, P=0.044,OR(95%CI)=4.487(1.044~19.279)]。建立的logistic回归模型为:logit (P)=-0.418-0.033×SACE+0.036×ESR+1.501×Lym,ROC曲线分析模型的诊断效能为AUC=0.850(95%CI:0.773~0.927),最佳临界值为1.307,敏感度为82.4%,特异度为80.9%。结论 本研究建立的诊断模型具有较高的敏感度和特异度,可以作为临床医师鉴别诊断T-SPOT.TB检测为阳性的纵隔淋巴结结核与Ⅰ/Ⅱ期结节病的辅助参考工具。     

不同影像技术导引纵膈病变穿刺活检术评价

纵膈病变是临床常见病变之一,其仅凭影像学诊断很难定性,临床难以确诊,患者得到最佳治疗的可能性降低。影像导引经皮纵膈肿块定位更精确,提高了穿刺诊断技术,有效地减少了损伤和并发症。尽管X线透视引导穿刺方便可行并且得到了广泛的认可,但是利用超声(US)、计算机断层成像(CT)及磁共振成像(MRI)这样的影像导引手段可以明显提高疾病的诊断率,尤其是用于高危患者。磁共振成像的卓越软组织分辨率对人体的深部组织结构行经皮手术非常有用,比如纵膈病变穿刺诊疗技术的开展。     

Transient exit block of a DDD pacemaker with unipolar leads in subcutaneous emphysema following pneumothorax

This case report describes a transient pacemaker exit block due to subcutaneous emphysema following pneumothorax. Pneumothorax after pacemaker implantation is rare, but development of subcutaneous emphysema under such circumstances is even more uncommon. Exit block develops only with the use of unipolar leads; with implantation of bipolar leads, this complication cannot occur.